ПОЛЕЗНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
Дополнения к договору об избежании двойного налогообложения между Россией и Кипром
16 апреля 2009 Россия и Кипр начали работу над соглашением об избежании двойного налогообложения между двумя странами с целью исключить Кипр из российского налогового «черного» списка. Протокол был подписан министром финансов Кипра Харилаосом Ставракисом и директором Департамента по налогам и таможенным сборам при Российском Министерстве Финансов Ильей Тюриным. Ожидается, что данный протокол будет ратифицирован обеими странами в 2009 и вступит в силу с 1 января 2010. Прорыв в этом вопросе был достигнут после того, как Кипр принял новое законодательство относительно упрощения обмена информацией между компетентными органами обеих стран. Кроме того, протокол пересматривает нескольких положений договора, что повлияет на все российско-кипрские корпоративные структуры, используемые для инвестирования в недвижимость, совместные предприятия и т.п.
Дивиденды, проценты и отчисления
Положение о 0 ставке налога на проценты и отчисления не было изменено. По дивидендам ставка налога в 5% и 10 % осталась прежней. Изменение коснулось только минимального капитала компании, который теперь должен составлять 100 000 евро, а не 100 000 долларов, как это было ранее. Определения дивидендов и процентов были изменены согласно новому Договору ОЭСР. По нему, российские налоговые органы могут применять положения о «тонкой капитализации», благодаря чему чрезмерные процентные выплаты могут рассматриваться в качестве дивидендов, что, в свою очередь, означает освобождение от уплаты налога.
Отмена освобождения от налогообложения на доходы с капитала для компаний, владеющих недвижимостью
В настоящий момент договор о двойном налогообложении предусматривает, что все доходы с капитала, полученные кипрским акционером путем продажи акций в российском дочернем предприятии, освобождаются от налогообложения в России, вне зависимости от того, владеет ли это дочернее предприятие недвижимостью на территории Российской Федерации или нет. По местному кипрскому законодательству такие доходы также не облагаются налогом. Статья 7 нового протокола предусматривает, что доходы, полученные резидентом одной из двух данных стран путем продажи акций компании, более 50% имущества которой составляет недвижимость, находящаяся на территории другой страны, могут подлежать налогообложению в этой стране. Планируется, что данное положение вступит в силу спустя 4 года после ратификации протокола, т.е. в 2014.
Ограничение по прибылям
В протокол было включено положение об ограничениях на прибыли с целью предупреждения возможного использования договора о двойном налогообложении уже существующими или вновь зарегистрированными компаниями для получения налоговых выгод. Однако данные ограничения не относятся к российским и кипрским компаниям, т.е. данное положение нацелено на компании, зарегистрированные в иных юрисдикциях, но которые являются резидентами Кипра, осуществляя контроль и управление на его территории.
Обмен информацией Статья 26 протокола об обмене информацией предусматривает следующее:
- обмен информацией касается не только налогов, указанных в договоре о двойном налогообложении, но также и всех прочих налогов (например. НДС)
- банковская тайна не является основанием для отказа в обмене информацией с компетентными органами обеих стран
- тот факт, что запрашиваемая информация может не касаться непосредственно налоговых вопросов, не является основанием для отказа в обмене информацией по компании между компетентными органами обеих стран.
Постоянное расположение компании
Считается, что оно находится в России,
- если физ. Лицо — сотрудник компании находится на ее территории более 183 дней в течение 12 месяцев, и более 50% чистого дохода от основной деятельности компании также получаются на ее территории
- если физ. лицо пребывает на территории Росси в совокупности более 183 подряд в течение 12 месяцев, и ведет деятельность компании или выполняет связанные с этим действия на территории России
- в результате, если иностранная компания имеет свое постоянное месторасположение на территории РФ, она подвергается 15% налогообложению по дивидендам. Кроме того, российские налоги могут применяться и к другим пассивам, например к процентам, при том, что данный доход получается зарубежной компанией из российского источника и относится к ее представительству, расположенному на территории России.
Для того, чтобы данные поправки вступили в силу, Россия и Кипр должны ратифицировать протокол, согласно своим местным законодательствам. Клиентам, на чей бизнес новые поправки могут повлиять, рекомендуется предпринять необходимые действия с целью предотвратить негативные последствия ратификации нового договора.


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